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- Given how exposed the rear derailleur is, they work really well, but youve got to look after them. If your rear mech is poorly adjusted, a little bit bent or even just old and rattly, youre not gonna get the shifting that you need. So, here are the top five shifting problems that typically occur and how to avoid them happening to you. whoosh What is a derailleur? Well, a derailleur simply is a mechanical device for derailing the chain and putting it in a different gear. Over the years theyve progressed, and theyre a little bit different, but they still operate on the same principle. The cage itself has two wheels, known as jockey wheels or, sometimes, guide wheels. The upper wheel is there purely just to keep the chain in line with the cassette and make sure the gears line up. The lower wheel is part of the sprung cage and that is there to take up the slack in the chain that occurs when youre shifting from a larger gear to a smaller gear. Its a non-adjustable clutch system, works really well, and it has a lock on the cage just to get around that when youre removing the wheel. On the Shimano system theyre got a lever to turn the clutch on and off, so you turn the clutch off, so it makes it easier to manipulate the cage with less spring tension to remove the rear wheel. Your rear derailleur, or mech, will simply not shift accurately if it is not aligned on the bike. So, the rear mech itself fixes to the mech hanger here, okay? So if that is bent in any sort of way, youre not gonna get everything lined up. So, the first two ways to check that, obviously visually look at the hanger itself. Then you want to align your bike up in the highest gear, so that is the smallest sprocket in the back, and look for the cage, just following the smallest sprocket down here. The next point to check is when youre in the lowest gear, so thats the biggest sprocket at the back. You want to check that the jockey cage, thats the guide wheel and the lower sprung wheel, are following completely in line with that. So, if the mech itself is bent, as long as the guide wheel will follow the chain line you can get good shifting. On certain bike designs, the mech hanger has always been designed to break before the rear derailleur or the rear mech. These are actually incredibly strong and very hard to bend or even harder to bend back. So, if this is bent and you do need to try and bend it back be very careful. If your mech hanger is bent, and you need to sort of persuade it back into shape, the way to do that really is by using a proper alignment gauge, like this. Thats quite a specialist and expensive tool to use. You simply just bend it, and you can align it with the wheel using this adjustable gauge. The easiest thing to do actually, just use a good old-fashioned adjustable spanner. Adjustable, for obvious reasons, you can clamp it around the mech hanger itself. But bear in mind, if you do actually need to do this, you need to flip your gears so your derailleur is in the slackest position, so thats your highest gear, using a five-mil Allen key, or in some derailleurs now its a t-25 torx, remove the actual derailleur from the bike. Your next adjustment is on the limit screws. So you get a high and a low limit simply by just adjusting the parameters of how far the derailleur can travel in either direction. So, what were gonna do first is just make sure that the whole rear mech is aligned and limits set on the highest gear, so that is this furthest one. If youre too far towards me, its just gonna make a bit of noise like this. clicking See its not really in the right place, so it needs to go further in inboard. If youre too far inboard its actually gonna try and shift up a gear. So Im just making the adjustment, turning it counter-clockwise until it looks like the upper guide wheel is directly below. So now that the adjustment is made in the highest gear, so the smallest sprocket, Im actually gonna repeat the same thing but for the lowest gear, so the biggest sprocket. If you get it wrong on the biggest sprocket here, and your chain hooks over the top, a few things can happen. First, you can damage your spokes on the wheel, which is never good. Secondly, the chain can get really badly wedged down the back there and can snap the chain in doing so. But a worse one is if it all gets bound up in there and it rips your rear mech clean off the bike. The B-tension is on the back here, and that screws straight on towards the mech hanger. And what this is for is for setting the height position of the guide wheel in relation to the biggest sprocket, so thats your lowest gear. So, if theres too much tension, the gaps gonna be really big, your downshift is gonna suffer at that, its not gonna shift very well, and its actually gonna stretch the mech out so much, that its barely gonna have any spring in it. With the B-tension fully wound out Im just gonna show you the effect this has on the bike. On this particular bike with it fully wound out Im finding that the top guide wheels actually catching on the biggest sprocket as you change into that gear. Course, that means your shifting isnt smooth, it isnt consistent, and its not ideal. Now Im gonna show you the complete opposite. Im gonna wind it in too far so the mech is actually stretched out and Im gonna show you the effect that that has. The mech is almost locked. Thats a really bad position for it to be in. So, theres two things that are gonna happen. If you go over a massive bump, that chain is so stretched theres a really good chance youre gonna snap the chain or at least the rear mech. And the other one is, listen to the noise this makes. You can tell this isnt right. clicking Rear derailleur should be fairly silent in operation. Not a sound like that when its absolutely stressed. Now, Ive got my B-tension correctly adjusted. Im just gonna run it through the gears just to show you how well it shifts. Instead of just unnecessarily changing your cable, a good way to check that beforehand would be to undo the pinch bolt and then you can manually feel the inner cable moving within the outer cable itself. You can do that at both the mech end and the shifter end. I can feel the cable moving really easily within it. So, easy to flush out, if I did need to change the inner cable or even just clean it. Another thing to check is your actual inner cable routing to the pinch bolt on the mech. Its very easy, when youre threading the cable through, to not line it up with all the holes in the guide. The cable goes in at the top here, it goes around a little wheel, and then follows this little guide through here. But theres actually a hole that the cable needs to pass through. Very easy to not to do that. And if that happens then its never gonna line up. Its never gonna pull the correct amount of cable that it needs to to shift accurately. First things first with the cable tension itself is to actually clamp the inner cable at the rear derailleur. A lot of people get this wrong by pulling this cable through really tight. But by doing that, youre actually shifting the derailleur slightly so what you wanna do is just pull it taut. No more than that. The barrel adjust of the shifter will compensate for any other slackness. Then well start working on the gears. What youre looking for is one click of the lever corresponding to one gear shifted. If you dont have enough cable tension then the gears arent quite gonna hop up in time, and if you have too much its gonna hop up too many gears. So its very important to do this just a bit at a time and work your way up through the gears. This should shift perfectly now, yep. Its fully aligned, my limits are done, my B-tensions done, and the cable tension is perfect. So hopefully, this video has helped you understand the top five shifting problems that youre likely to get with a rear derailleur. If you want to find out a bit more about servicing Shimano gears, click up here. If you wanna see how to fix a chain three ways, click down here. And of course, click on the globe to subscribe. Theres a brand-new video single every day. We make these the best as we can. And of course, if you liked this video, or found it useful, give us a thumbs up. Are you having problems with your shifting? Your rear mech isnt playing ball and nothing but noise happens when you press your shifter? This is the video for you!Subscribe to GMBN: Get exclusive GMBN gear in the GMBN store! From limit screws to cable tension...there are so many ways that your derailleur can mess up and result in imperfect shifting. Here are some of the things that frequently go wrong with that vital bit of kit at the back of your bike...and how to fix them! If youd like to contribute captions and video info in your language, heres the link Watch more on GMBN... Join a chain 3 ways! Service your Shimano Gears: Click here to buy GMBN T-shirts, hoodies and more: The Global Mountain Bike Network is the best MTB YouTube channel, with videos for everyone who loves dirt: from the full-faced helmet downhill mountain biker to the lycra-clad cross country rider along with everyone and anyone in between. 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